SPACE LAUNCH REPORT China Launch Vehicle Flight History by Variant/Year (1957-Present) Page 5 of 7: DF-31 Based Vehicles by Ed Kyle, Last Update November 09, 2025 L(F) = Number of Launches(Number of Failures) DF-31* KP-7 CZ-11 KT-2 KZ-11 DF-31 (DF-31) (DF-31) (DF-31) (DF-31) Totals Year L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1990 - - - - - - - 1991 - - - - - - - 1992 - - - - - - 1993 - - - - - - - 1994 - - - - - - - 1995 - - - - - - 1996 - - - - - - 1997 - - - - - - 1998 - - - - - - - 1999 1(0) - - - - 1(0) 2000 2(0) - - - - 2(0) 2001 - - - - - - - 2002 1(1)* - - - - 1(1) 2003 - - - - 2004 1(0)+ - - - - 1(0) - 2005 1(0)+ - - - - 1(0) - 2006 1(0) - - - - 1(0) 2007 - - - - - - - 2008 1(0)+ - - - - 1(0) - 2009 - - - - - - - 2010 - - - - - - - 2011 - - - - - - - 2012 4(0)+ - - - - 4(0) - 2013 1(0)x 1(0) - - - 2(0) - 2014 2(0)x - - - - 2(0) 2015 2(0) 1(0) - - 3(0) 2016 - - 1(0) - - 1(0) 2017 - - 1(0) - 1(0) 2018 1(0)+ - 3(0) - - 4(0) 2019 3(0)+ - 3(0) - - 6(0) 2020 - - 3(0) - 1(1) 4(1) 2021 - - - - - - 2022 - - 4(0) - 1(0) 5(0) 2023 - - 2(0) - - 2(0) 2024 - - - - 1(0) 1(0) 2025 - - 1(0) - - 1(0) ------------------------------------------------------------------ DF-31* KP-7 CZ-11 KT-2 KZ-11 DF-31 (DF-31) (DF-31) (DF-31) (DF-31) Totals L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Suborb 21(1) - - - - 21(1) Orbit - - 18(0) 1(0) 3(1) 22(1) Totals 18(0) 1(0) 3(1) 43(2) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Footnotes: * Suborbital missile/vehicle tests/flights (data may be incomplete). Includes DF-31(A/B), JL-2, DF-41. "DF" = Dong Feng "FB" = Feng Bao (based on DF-5 missile) "CZ" = Chang Zheng (Long March) (CZ-2, 3, and 4 based on DF-5 missile, CZ-1 based on DF-3 missile) "KT" = Kaitouzha (based on DF-31 missile) "KZ" = Kuaizhou, a small 4-stage rocket, with at least 3 solid fuel stages. "KP" = Kupeng, a multi-stage rocket that flew suborbital to ~30,000 km in 2013. SPACE LAUNCH REPORT CZ-11 Vehicle Configurations ================================================================== LEO Configuration Liftoff Liftoff Payload Height Mass (tonnes) (meters) (tonnes) ================================================================== CZ-11 0.7 t (LEO/S) 4 stages 18.7 - 20.8 m 58 t ================================================================== Vehicle Components Stg 1 Stg 2 Stg 3 Stg 4 Payload Fairing ================================================================== Diameter (m) 2 m 2 m 1.4 m 1.4 m 1.6 m Length (m) ~9 m* ~3 m* ~1 m ~1 m ~5.7 m Mp (tonnes) 35 t Dry (tonnes) 4.77 t GLOW (tonnes) 39.77 t Engine P35 Engine Mfgr Fuel Solid Solid Solid Liquid Oxidizer Liquid Thrust (SL tonnes) 120 t Thrust (Vac tonnes) ISP (SL sec) 248 s ISP (Vac sec) Burn Time (sec) No. Engines 1 1 1 ================================================================== * Including Interstage CZ-11 ORBITAL SPACE LAUNCH LOG DATE VEHICLE ID PAYLOAD MASS(t) SITE ORBIT ------------------------------------------------------------------ 09/25/15 CZ-11 Y1 Multisats JQ 43/95B SSO 11/09/16 CZ-11 Y2 XPNAV 1 + 4usats 0.27? JQ 43/95B SSO 01/19/18 CZ-11 Y3 Jilin-1 7/8 JQ 43/95B SSO 04/26/18 CZ-11 Y4 Zhuhai 1-02 JQ 43/95B SSO 12/21/18 CZ-11 Y5 Hongyun JQ 43/95B SSO 01/21/19 CZ-11 Y6 Jilin-1 9/10 JQ 43/95B SSO 06/05/19 CZ-11H Y1 7 usats YL TaiRui LEO 09/19/19 CZ-11 Y8 Zhuhai 1-03 JQ 43/95B SSO 05/29/20 CZ-11 Y XJS-G, XJS-H XC 4 LEO 09/15/20 CZ-11H Y2 9 Gaofen 03B/C YL DeBo SSO 12/09/20 CZ-11 Y9 GECAM XC 4 LEO 03/30/22 CZ-11 Y10 Tianping 2A,B,C JQ 43/95B SSO 04/30/22 CZ-11H Y3 Jilin-1 GF 3D4-3D7,4A 0.267 EC TaiRui SSO 10/07/22 CZ-11H CentiSpace S5/6 0.194 YL DeFu LEO 12/16/22 CZ-11 Y12 Shiyan 21 XC 4 LEO 03/15/23 CZ-11 Y11 Shiyan 19 JQ 43/95B SSO 12/25/23 CZ-11H Shiyan 24 C1-3 SC BRJZ SSO 11/08/25 CZ-11H Shiyan 32 01-03 YL LEO ------------------------------------------------------------------ [CZ-11 Y1] First launch from floating platform in Yellow Sea. To LEO x 45 deg. [CZ-11, 05/29/20] First CZ-11 launch from Xichang. [CZ-11H Y2] Second launch from floating platform in Yellow Sea. First use of Debo 3 ship. To LEO/S. Overflew Taiwan north to south. [CZ-11H, 10/07/22] From DEFU 15002 platform in Yellowo Sea. To 699 km x 55 deg. [CZ-11 Y12] 0617 UTC. To 474 x 493 km x 36 deg. [CZ-11H, 12/25/23] 22:39 UTC. Shiyan 24C, 3 satellites (1-3). South China Sea near Yangjinag from Bo Run Jiu Zhou. 542 x 555 km x 95.62 deg. Site Code: JQ = Jiuquan, China YL = Yellow Sea floating platform, 34.9 N, 121.19 E EC = East China Sea floating platform SC = South China Sea floating platform KZ-11 Vehicle Configurations ================================================================== SSO 700 km Configuration Height GLOW ------------------------------------------------------------------ Kuaizhou 11 1,000 kg 3 solid stages + liquid stg 4 -- m 78 t ================================================================== KZ-11 Vehicle Components s ================================================================== Stg 1 Stg 2 Stg 3 Stg 4 PLF Propulsion Control Module ------------------------------------------------------------------ Dia (m) 2.2 2.2 2.2 ~1.0 2.2/2.6 Len (m) Mp (tonnes) Mdry (tonnes) GLOW (tonnes) t t t Engine Engine Mfgr Fuel Solid Solid Solid Liquid Oxidizer Tsl (t) Tvac (t) ISP (SL sec) ISP (Vac sec) Burn Time (sec) No. Engines 1 1 1 1 ================================================================== KZ-11 ORBITAL SPACE LAUNCH LOG DATE VEHICLE ID PAYLOAD MASS(t) SITE ORBIT ------------------------------------------------------------------ 07/10/20 KZ-11 Y1 Multisats JQ 43/95B [FTO] 12/07/22 KZ-11 Y2 Jiaoton VDES JQ 43/95B SSO 05/21/24 KZ-11 Y3 Wuhan 1 + 3 sats JQ 43/95B SSO ------------------------------------------------------------------ [Y1] Possible Stage 3 failure. Planned LEO/S Site Code: JQ = Jiuquan, China Orbit Code: EEO/M = Molynia (12-hr) Elliptical Earth Orbit FTO = Failed to Orbit FSO = Failed Suborbital GTO = Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit GTO+ = Supersynchronous or High Perigee Transfer Orbit GTO- = Subsynchronous Transfer Orbit GTOi = Inclined GTO GEO = Geosynchronous Orbit HCO = Heliocentric (solar) Orbit HTO = High Earth Transfer Orbit LEO = Low Earth Orbit LEO/S = Sun Synchronous Low Earth Orbit LEO/P = Polar Low Earth Orbit MEO = Medium Earth Orbit MTO = Medium Earth Transfer Orbit SUB = Suborbital xxx Kuaizhou 11 Vehicle Configurations Vehicle Components Launch Log First KZ-11 Launch on July 10, 2020 KZ-11 Inaugural Failure China's Kuaizhou 11 ("Quick Vessel" 11)failed to orbit two small satellites during its inaugural flight from Juiquan Satellite Launch Center on July 10, 2020. Liftoff from a mobile transporter launcher parked on a flat pad took place at 04:17 UTC. The first minutes of flight look nominal through second stage separation, but an unknown failure occurred before orbit could be attained. The ascent was planned to include a long coast phase to an insertion more than an hour after launch. KZ-11, managed by Expace Technology and developed by China Aerospace Science & Industry Corp (CASIC), is a three stage solid-motor launch vehicle that is topped by a liquid "Propulsion Control Module". It is likely derived from China's DF-31 intercontinental ballistic missile. KZ-11 is 2.2 meters diameter, weighs 78 tonnes at liftoff, and is capable of placing 1 tonne in a 700 km sun synchronous orbit. Like CZ-11 and KZ-1A, KZ-11 uses four grid fins at the base of the first stage to provide some steering or stabilization during the early portions of the ascent. The payload included 230 kg BilibiliSat and 97 kg Xiangrikui 2, which were lost in the failure. KZ-11 is the latest in a string of new launch vehicles developed in China since 2013 that are based on solid propellant missiles. These include the successful CZ-11 and KT-2, both DF-31 based, the successful DF-21/25 based KZ-1(A), and the so-far unsuccessful DF-26 based ZQ-1. KT-1, an early solid-motor design, failed in two attempts during 2002-2003. References: Jonathan's Space Report Launch Vehicle Database "http://www.planet4589.org/space/lvdb/index.html" Encylopedia Astronautica "http://www.astronautix.com/" Gunter's Space Page "http://www.skyrocket.de/space" Xinhua News Reports