Early European Launch Vehicle Page 1 of 2: Flight History by Variant/Year (1958-1975) L(F) = Number of Launches(Number of Failures) Black Black Blue Emeraude Saphir Diamant Emeraude Knight Arrow Streak# 1 stg+ 2 stg+ 3 stg+ Totals Suborb* Orbital (Europa) Suborb* Suborb* Orbital Year L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1957 - - - - - - - 1958 1(0) - - - - - - 1959 4(0) - - - - - - 1960 3(1) - - - - - - 1961 3(2) - - - - - - 1962 3(0) - - - - - - 1963 1(0) - - - - - - 1964 3(0) - 2(0)* 3(3) - - 3(3) 1965 4(0) - 1(0)* 2(0) 3(1) 1(0) 6(1) 1966 - - 2(0)* - 10(1) 1(0) 11(1) 1967 - - 2(2)* - 2(0) 2(1) 4(0) 1968 - - 1(1) - - - - 1969 - 1(1)* 1(1) - - - - 1970 - 3(1)% 1(1) - - 2(0) 2(0) 1971 - - 1(1) - - 2(1) 2(1) 1972 - - - - - - - 1973 - - - - - 1(1) 1(1) 1974 - - - - - - - 1975 - - - - - 3(0) 3(0) 1976 - - - - - - - 1977 - - - - - - - 1978 - - - - - - - 1979 - - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Black Black Blue Emeraude Saphir Diamant Emeraude Knight Arrow Streak 1 stg 2 stg 3 stg Totals Suborb* Orbital (Europa) Suborb* Suborb* Orbital L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Suborb 22(3) 2(1) 7(2) 5(3) 15(2) - 20(5) Orbit - 2(1) 4(4) - - 12(3) 12(3) Total 22(3) 4(2) 11(6) 5(3) 15(2) 12(3) 32(8) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Footnotes: * Suborbital % Includes one suborbital test success, one orbital failure, and one orbital success in 1970. # Blue Streak ballistic missile served as first stage of three-stage Europa launch vehicle. First three flights used first stage only. Flights 4 and 5 had dummy upper stages. Flights 6/1 and 6/2 (1967) had live 2nd stage and dummy 3rd stage. Three flights (1968-70) were three-stage Europa I orbital attempts. Final launch (1971) was a four-stage Europa II orbital attempt. + Emeraude ballistic missile served as first stage of two-stage Saphir and three-stage Diamant. References: Jonathan's Space Report Launch Vehicle Database "http://www.planet4589.org/space/lvdb/index.html" Encylopedia Astronautica "http://www.astronautix.com/" Gunter's Space Page "http://www.skyrocket.de/space" Last Update 12/30/2003 by Ed Kyle