SPACE LAUNCH REPORT
 N-1/Energia Large Soviet Launcher Flight History (1969-1988)
             Page 1 of 1:  Includes Failure History 
              By Ed Kyle, Last Update 1/24/2004  

         L(F) = Number of Launches(Number of Failures)  

         N-1/      Energia/   Energia/
         L-3        Polus      Buran
Year     L(F)       L(F)       L(F)       
------------------------------------------------------------------
1960      -          -          -          -          -    
1961      -          -          -          -          -    
1962      -          -          -          -          -    
1963      -          -          -          -          -    
1964      -          -          -          -          -    
1965      -          -          -          -          -    
1966      -          -          -          -          -    
1967      -          -          -          -          - 
1968      -          -          -          -          - 
1969     2(2)        -          -          -          - 

1970      -          -          -          -          -    
1971     1(1)        -          -          -          -    
1972     1(1)        -          -          -          -    
1973      -          -          -          -          -    
1974      -          -          -          -          -    
1975      -          -          -          -          -    
1976      -          -          -          -          -    
1977      -          -          -          -          -    
1978      -          -          -          -          -    
1979      -          -          -          -          -    

1980      -          -          -          -          -    
1981      -          -          -          -          -    
1982      -          -          -          -          -    
1983      -          -          -          -          -    
1984      -          -          -          -          -    
1985      -          -          -          -          -    
1986      -          -          -          -          -    
1987      -         1(1)        -          -          -    
1988      -          -         1(0)*       -          -    
1989      -          -          -          -          -    

------------------------------------------------------------------
         N-1/      Energia/   Energia/
         L-3        Polus      Buran
         L(F)       L(F)       L(F)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Total    4(4)       1(1)       1(0)
------------------------------------------------------------------


                List of N-1/Energia Failures

Date        Vehicle        ID  Site       Payload           Result
------------------------------------------------------------------
2/21/1969   N-1/L-3S       3L  TB 110R  L-1S/Dummy Lander     FTO 
7/3/1969    N-1/L-3S       5L  TB 110R  L-1S/Dummy Lander     FTO
6/26/1971   N-1/L-3M       6L  TB 110L  L-3 Mockup (LK/LOK)   FTO
11/23/1972  N-1/L-3M       7L  TB 110L  L-1/Dummy Lander      FTO 
5/15/1987   Energia/Polus  6SL TB 250   Polus (Skif-DM)       FTO
------------------------------------------------------------------

[3L]   LOX line rupture 66 sec, KORD shutdown 70 sec       
[5L]   Engine failure at liftoff, vehicle exploded on pad  
[6L]   Roll control fail, 1st stg shutdown 51 sec          
[7L]   Prop line rupture 90 sec, shutdown 107 sec         
[6SL]  Polus attitude control loss, orbit failed%         

Footnotes:

*  Buran orbiter flew unmanned, 2-orbit mission.  Landed Baikonur.

%  Inaugural Energia booster, consisting of four LOX/Kerosene 
   strap-ons and LOX/LH2 core, boosted Polus to intended 
   suborbital velocity.

#  FTO:  Failed to Orbit
   FSO*:  Failed Suborbital
  (EEO):  Unintended Eliptical Earth Orbit
  (GTO):  Unintended Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit
  (LEO):  Unintended/Improper Low Earth Orbit

References:

"The Soviet Reach for the Moon", Nicholas Johnson, 1994.
RSC Energia", English Edition, 2001.
Jonathan's Space Report Launch Vehicle Database at 
   "http://www.planet4589.org/space/lvdb/index.html"
Encylopedia Astronautica "http://www.astronautix.com/"
Gunter's Space Page "http://www.skyrocket.de/space"