SPACE LAUNCH REPORT Terran-1 Launch Vehicle Flight History by Variant/Year (2020-2023) Page 1 of 1: by: Ed Kyle Last Update: 12/31/2023 L(F) = Number of Launches(Number of Failures) Terran-1 Grand Total Year L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2020 - - - - - - 2021 - - - - - - 2022 - - - - - - 2023 1(1) - - - - 1(1) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Terran-1 Grand Total L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) L(F) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Suborb - - - - - - Orbit 1(1) - - - - 1(1) Total 1(1) - - - - 1(1) ------------------------------------------------------------------ TERRAN 1 LAUNCH HISTORY DATE VEHICLE ID PAYLOAD MASS(t) SITE* ORBIT* ------------------------------------------------------------------ 03/23/23 Terran 1 F1 GLHF Test Flight 0.002 CC 16 [FTO] ------------------------------------------------------------------ [F1] 0325 UTC. Inaugural launch, named "Good Luck, Have Fun". First CH4/LOX orbital attempt by U.S. Stage 2 failed to ignite. FTO. No deployable payload or PLF. Slow opening engine main valves impacted pressures in the system and timing of propellant reaching the thrust chamber assembly (TCA) and gas generator (GG) during the start sequence. LOX pump did not generate pressure when spin start power was applied to the turbines. Possible vapor bubble at the pump inlet. Due to off nominal propellant pressure and timing, the GG did not light, and the engine did not reach full power. Terran-1 Vehicle Configurations ================================================================== Payload Config. Height Mass (tonnes) (meters) (tonnes) (1) 300 km x 28.5 deg (2) 700 km x 98 deg ================================================================== Terran 1 1.479 t (1) S1: 9xAeon-1 35 m ~75 t 0.79 t (2) S2: 1xAeonVac ================================================================== Terran 1 Vehicle Components Stg 1 Stg 2 9xAeon 1xAeonVac PLF =================================================================== Diameter (m) 2.28 2.28 3.0 Length (m) 24.3 8.1 6.8 Mp (tonnes) GLOW (tonnes) Propellant LNG/LOX LNG/LOX T (SL tonnes) 93.895 T (VAC tonnes) ~113 ~12.6 ISP (Vac sec) Burn Time (sec) 163 320 Engines/Motors 9 1 Engine Aeon AeonVac Mfgr ================================================================== *ABBREVIATIONS SITE CC: CAPE CANAVERAL ORBIT LEO: LOW EARTH ORBIT LEO/S: SUN SYNCHRONOUS LOW EARTH ORBIT SUB: SUB-ORBITAL MISSION [FTO]: FAILED TO ORBIT [LEO]: UNPLANNED LEO SPACE LAUNCH REPORT TERRAN 1 by: Ed Kyle April 18, 2023 Relativity Space developed Terran 1, a small two-stage LNG/LOX orbital launch vehicle, which flew for the first time on March 23, 2023. The launch, the first CH4/LOX orbital class launch attempt from the United States, failed to reach orbit. Shortly afterward, the company announced plans to abandon Terran 1 in favor of plans for a larger rocket named Terran R. Terran 1's Aeon engines were gas generator cycle with electric TVC. The rocket was 3D printed aluminum alloy. Its stages used common dome tanks with autogenous pressurization. The dry GLOW was listed at 9,280 kg. Stage 1 Main Engine Cutoff (MECO) took place at T+163 seconds at 7,450 km/hr. Stage 2 ignition was commanded at T+166 seconds. It failed to reach full thrust within the expected two seconds. Relativity's investigation found that "When the engine main valves were commanded to open, they opened slower than expected, which impacted the pressures in the system and the timing of propellant reaching the thrust chamber assembly (TCA) and gas generator (GG) during the start sequence." "When spin-start power was applied to the turbines, the fuel pump generated pressure, as expected, but the oxygen pump did not, which also impacted pressure and timing of propellant reaching the TCA and GG during the start sequence. The data from the oxygen pump is consistent with a vapor bubble being present at the pump inlet." "Due to off nominal propellant pressure and timing, the GG did not light, and the engine did not reach full power."